## What are IP Addresses? - Unique identifiers for devices in a network. --- ## Types of IP Addresses - **IPv4**: 32-bit addresses (e.g., 192.168.1.1); widely used. - Limited address space; NAT often required. - **IPv6**: 128-bit addresses (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3::8a2e:0370:7334); designed for scalability. - Vast address space --- ## CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) - CIDR simplifies IP address allocation by grouping addresses. - Represented as `IP/Prefix`, where `Prefix` indicates the subnet size. - Example: `192.168.1.0/24` represents 256 addresses. - Example: `192.168.1.1/32` represents 1 addresses. - Example: `0.0.0.0/0` represents all addresses. --- ## Subnetting with CIDR - Divides IP ranges into smaller networks. - Improves network organization and security. - Reduces waste in address allocation. --- ## Example of CIDR Range - `192.168.1.0/24`: - Subnet contains addresses from `192.168.1.0` to `192.168.1.255`. - Supports 256 addresses.