## Inside a Physical Server - Physical servers are engineered for reliability and heavy workloads. - Components work together to host applications, store data, and process tasks. --- ## Core Components - **CPU**: Executes instructions and manages tasks. - **RAM**: Temporary storage for active processes and data. - **Storage Drives**: Persistent data storage. - **Motherboard**: Central communication hub. - **PSU**: Converts power for server use. - **Cooling Systems**: Maintains optimal temperatures. - **NICs**: Handles network connectivity. - **Expansion Slots**: Adds versatility for specialized components. --- ## CPU - The "brain" of the server. - Multicore processors for parallel task handling. - Examples: Intel Xeon, AMD EPYC. --- ## RAM - Temporarily holds active data for faster processing. - Affects server speed and multitasking. - Often uses ECC (Error-Correcting Code) for reliability. --- ## Storage Drives - Types: HDD (capacity) and SSD (speed). - Supports RAID for redundancy and performance. - Stores applications and persistent data. --- ## Motherboard - Main circuit board connecting all components. - Includes CPU socket, RAM slots, and storage interfaces. - Facilitates data communication. --- ## Power Supply Unit (PSU) - Converts power to server-compatible voltage. - Often redundant for reliability. - Efficiency ratings (e.g., 80 PLUS) show energy efficiency. --- ## Cooling Systems - Prevent overheating of components. - Includes fans, heat sinks, or liquid cooling. - Adjusts dynamically using built-in sensors. --- ## Network Interface Card (NIC) - Connects servers to networks. - Speeds range from 1 Gbps to 40 Gbps. - Integrated or added via expansion cards. --- ## Expansion Slots - PCIe slots for GPUs, additional NICs, etc. - USB and other ports for maintenance. - Increases server functionality. --- ## Physical Server Design - Built for 24/7 operation. - **Hot-Swappable Components**: Replacements without downtime. - **Rack-Mountable Chassis**: Fits organized server racks. - **Management Interfaces**: Tools like IPMI and iLO for remote monitoring.